The Korean Bar Association Welcomes the Passage of the “Special Act on Compensation for Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination” The Korean Bar Association sincerely welcomes the final passage of the “Special Act on Compensation for Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination” at the plenary session of the National Assembly on April 2, 2025.During the global COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines for COVID-19 were developed in a remarkably short period and administered to the majority of the population within a short timeframe, unlike existing vaccines. However, due to the expedited development, it has been particularly difficult to establish a causal relationship between the COVID-19 vaccines and adverse effects, unlike traditional immunizations. Recognizing the inevitable occurrence of adverse reactions during the vaccination process, the government repeatedly pledged to assume state responsibility for vaccine-related injuries, in light of the social utility of vaccination and the necessity of national promotion. Despite this, the government's support for victims of vaccine side effects remained fragmented and insufficient, thereby falling short of fulfilling its responsibility. To address this issue, the Korean Bar Association issued a statement on December 8, 2021, urging the government to overhaul the compensation system for injuries resulting from COVID-19 vaccinations. We called for legislative amendments to presume causality between vaccines and adverse effects during the compensation review process or to shift the burden of proof to the government. Furthermore, we held various forums on compensation for COVID-19 vaccine injuries, published the COVID-19 and Human Rights Report, and engaged in extensive advocacy through the Special Committee on Respect for Life and Disaster Safety. This included drafting a legislative proposal, providing consultation to members of the COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Family Council (COVAC), visiting and meeting with members of the relevant parliamentary standing committees, and engaging with officials from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). These collective efforts ultimately contributed to the successful passage of this special legislation.The passage of this special act is significant in that it institutionally guarantees fair compensation for special damages that victims of COVID-19 vaccination have long demanded, and explicitly affirms the government’s responsibility for injuries caused by vaccine side effects administered for the public purpose of overcoming the pandemic.This special act reflects a critical reassessment of the previous approach that narrowly recognized causality in vaccine injury cases. Under the new law, causality is presumed when: ■ there is a temporal correlation between the COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of illness;■ it is not medically or empirically implausible to infer that the illness resulted from the vaccination; and■ the illness is either of unknown origin or not attributable to other causes.By doing so, the scope of compensation has been significantly expanded. Moreover, the composition of the COVID-19 Vaccination Injury Compensation Committee now allows for legal and socio-policy perspectives in addition to medical judgment, thereby enhancing the practical relief available to victims of vaccine injuries.The Korean Bar Association hopes that this special legislation will serve as a turning point for restoring public trust in national immunization policies and reinforcing the social responsibility of public health. We will actively present our views to ensure that the legislative intent is fully realized through effective enforcement ordinances and the establishment of a victim-centered support system. The Korean Bar Association will continue its efforts to ensure that victims of disasters receive adequate redress and can return to their daily lives. April 30, 2025Korean Bar AssociationPresident Kim Jung-wook

Korean Bar Association Statement - April 10, 2025 body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; margin: 40px; background-color: #f8f8f8; color: #333; } h1, h2 { color: #1a237e; } .statement, .notes { background-color: #ffffff; padding: 30px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); margin-bottom: 40px; } .signature { margin-top: 30px; font-weight: bold; } The Government Must Substantially Reduce the Number of New Attorneys and Radically Reform the Current Selection Process In 2009, Korea introduced the law school system, adopting an “education-based system for cultivating legal professionals.” At that time, the government promised that, based on the policy of unifying the legal profession, it would increase the number of attorneys while gradually reducing and consolidating quasi-legal professions that overlap with the work of attorneys. However, despite 15 years having passed since the implementation of the law school system, that promise remains unfulfilled. Due to the government's inaction, the number of quasi-legal professionals has increased significantly, and every year, new attorneys are being produced far beyond the legal market’s capacity to absorb them. Statistical indicators show that the legal profession in Korea is already oversaturated. Compared to Japan, which has a similar legal system, Korea has approximately twice as many attorneys per capita, nearly three times the number of newly admitted attorneys annually, and about six times as many quasi-legal professionals per capita. Each year, around September, the Ministry of Justice announces the schedule for the bar exam and determines the number of successful candidates through a deliberation by the Bar Examination Management Committee on the day results are released. However, the number of successful candidates is virtually predetermined, and one of several similar proposals is adopted by majority vote. Consequently, the number of new attorneys has consistently been decided according to the interests of committee members who are unrelated to the legal profession, disregarding objective data and the realities of the legal market. According to Article 1(1) of the Attorney-at-Law Act, “The mission of any attorney-at-law shall be to defend fundamental human rights and realize social justice.” Most attorneys have faithfully upheld this mission, but the excessive competition for clients due to attorney oversupply has led to an increasing number of attorneys leaving the profession. This has directly resulted in harm to the public and a growing distrust in the justice system. The Korean Bar Association strongly urges the government to drastically reduce the number of new attorneys. The government must objectively calculate the number of new attorneys based on Korea's population, the ongoing population decline, availability of quasi-legal professions in foreign legal systems, relevant supply-demand statistics, and the current state of the legal profession. At present, the appropriate number of new attorneys per year should not exceed 1,200. In addition, the current deliberation process must be fundamentally reformed. Starting with the announcement of the bar exam schedule this year, the government should clearly disclose the range of attorney admissions for the 2026 bar exam. Sufficient time must be provided for realistic opinions from practicing attorneys to be reflected in the policy during the discussion process. Mencius once said, “Without a stable livelihood, there can be no stable morality.” Without economic stability, it is difficult to maintain a righteous heart. The government must not ignore the grim reality in which attorneys, due to market oversaturation, struggle even to uphold the mission defined by law. To prevent a decline in the quality of legal services, public economic loss, and further harms caused by excessive competition, the normalization of the attorney supply is essential. The Korean Bar Association exists to uphold the dignity of the legal profession, improve and advance legal services, and foster the development of legal culture. The normalization of attorney numbers is the foundation for achieving these core objectives. The Korean Bar Association once again strongly urges the Ministry of Justice to acknowledge the serious situation facing the legal profession and the resulting harm to the public, and to reduce the number of new attorneys this year to below 1,200. April 10, 2025Korean Bar AssociationJung Wook KIM, President ※ Notes for Readers: 1. Summary of the Composition, Term, and Roles of the National Bar Examination Commission a. Composition of the Commission The National Bar Examination Commission consists of 15 members, including a Chairperson and a Vice Chairperson, designated by the Minister of Justice from among the Commission members. The composition is as follows: Ex officio member: The Vice Minister of Justice (1 person) Appointed members: Five law professors (associate professor or higher) Two judges with at least 10 years of experience, recommended by the Minister of the National Court Administration Two public prosecutors or senior officials (Senior Executive Service level) from the Ministry of Justice with at least 10 years of experience and related responsibilities (at least one must be a public prosecutor) Three attorneys-at-law with at least 10 years of experience, recommended by the President of the Korean Bar Association Two persons of scholarly knowledge and good reputation, excluding full-time law professors and practicing attorneys, as prescribed by Presidential Decree b. Term of Office The term of appointed members is two years. 2. Statistics on the Number of Attorneys and Bar Exam Passers in Korea and Japan